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howto:nut_ups 2008/08/13 03:31 howto:nut_ups 2023/09/07 21:19 current
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====== NUT (Network UPS Tool) ====== ====== NUT (Network UPS Tool) ======
-Based on information found on the Network UPS Tool website ([[http://networkupstools.org/doc/2.2.0/INSTALL.html]]), these installation instructions were written for Fun_Plug 0.5 and fonz's Network UPS Tools (NUT) version 2.2.2. ([[http://www.inreto.de/dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/]])+Instruction for installation of Network UPS Tools (NUT) on fun_plug v 0.5. These instructions are based on information found at the Network UPS Tool website ([[http://networkupstools.org/doc/2.2.0/INSTALL.html]]). 
 + 
 +====== Summary ====== 
 +The primary goal of the Network UPS Tools (NUT) project is to provide reliable monitoring of UPS and PDU hardware and ensure safe shutdowns of the systems which are connected. 
 +We attempt to monitor every kind of UPS and PDU, given sufficient interest. Summary from [[http://networkupstools.org|NUT project page]]. 
===== Getting Started ===== ===== Getting Started =====
-==== What's Needed ==== 
 +
 +
 +==== What's Needed ====
Successful installation of NUT requires three packages from fonz's website ([[http://www.inreto.de/dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/]]). They are; Successful installation of NUT requires three packages from fonz's website ([[http://www.inreto.de/dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/]]). They are;
  * libusb-0.1.12-1.tgz;   * libusb-0.1.12-1.tgz;
  * neon-0.25.5-1.tgz and;   * neon-0.25.5-1.tgz and;
-  * nut-2.2.2-2.tgz+  * nut-2.2.2-3.tgz
-==== How To Get The Packages ====+=== Assumptions === 
 +DNS323 is operating with Firmware version 1.05 or 1.06 (Installation has not been tested with other firmware versions).
-Using wget, obtain the three packages identified above and store them in an appropriate directory on your DNS323. The directory I selected to save these files in is named /mnt/HD_a2/Downloads/D-Link/Fun_Plug/NUT.+Fun_Plug 0.5 installed and operable.
-Using the directory of your choice, obtain and save the files to your DNS323 by following these commands;+A functional telnet connection.
- cd /mnt/HD_a2/Downloads/D-Link/Fun_Plug/NUT 
- wget http://www.inreto.de/dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/neon-0.25.5-1.tgz 
- wget http://www.inreto.de/dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/libusb-0.1.12-1.tgz 
- wget http://www.inreto.de/dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/nut-2.2.2-2.tgz 
-__Be sure to replace /mnt/HD_a2/Downloads/D-Link/Fun_Plug/NUT with the name of the directory you saved the files to.__ 
-==== How To Install The Packages ====+==== How To Get The Packages ==== 
 +For this example the three packages will be saved to the /mnt/HD_a2/packages directory. Change to this directory by issuing the following command at a telnet prompt;
-The three packages are installed to the appropriate fun_plug directories using the following commands;+ cd /mnt/HD_a2/packages
- funpkg -i /mnt/HD_a2/Downloads/D-Link/Fun_Plug/NUT/neon-0.25.5-1.tgz +Use rsync to obtain the three packages and store them in the /mnt/HD_a2/packages directory on your DNS323. Obtain the files by issuing the following commands;
- funpkg -i /mnt/HD_a2/Downloads/D-Link/Fun_Plug/NUT/libusb-0.1.12-1.tgz +
- funpkg -i /mnt/HD_a2/Downloads/D-Link/Fun_Plug/NUT/nut-2.2.2-2.tgz+
-__Be sure to replace /mnt/HD_a2/Downloads/D-Link/Fun_Plug/NUT with the name of the directory you saved the files to.__+ rsync -av inreto.de::dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/neon-0.25.5-1.tgz . 
 + rsync -av inreto.de::dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/libusb-0.1.12-1.tgz . 
 + rsync -av inreto.de::dns323/fun-plug/0.5/packages/nut-2.2.2-3.tgz .
-===== Prepare The UPS Driver Environment ===== + 
-Once the packages are downloaded and installed the NUT environment will need to be configured before you'll be able to access and control your UPS. Or should I say your UPS will be able to control your DNS323! Instruction found at the Network UPS Tool website ([[http://networkupstools.org/doc/2.2.0/INSTALL.html]]) advised creation of a Group and several Users. Creating such allows one to establish a higher level of security on the configuration files. +==== How To Install The Packages ==== 
 +The packages can be installed from the /mnt/HD_a2/packages directory using the following commands; 
 + 
 + funpkg -i neon-0.25.5-1.tgz 
 + funpkg -i libusb-0.1.12-1.tgz 
 + funpkg -i nut-2.2.2-3.tgz 
 + 
 + 
 +===== Prepare the Environment ===== 
 +Once the packages are downloaded and installed the NUT environment will need to be configured before you'll be able to access and control your UPS. Or should I say your UPS will be able to control your DNS323! Instruction found at the Network UPS Tool website ([[http://networkupstools.org/doc/2.2.0/INSTALL.html]]) advised creation of a Group and a user named ''nutmon''. Creating such allows one to establish a higher level of security on configuration files.
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==== Create User ==== ==== Create User ====
-For the purposes of this exercise a user named ''ups'' will be created and added to the group named ''nut''. The user is created and added to the existing group by entering the following command;+For the purposes of this exercise a user named ''nutmon'' will be created and added to the group named ''nut''. The user is created and added to the existing group by entering the following command;
- adduser -s /bin/false -G nut -H ups+ adduser -s /bin/false -G nut -H nutmon
The system will respond with: The system will respond with:
Line 60: Line 73:
Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers. Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.
-Selected a password for ''ups'' then enter it at the New password: and again at the Re-enter new password: prompts.+Selected a password for ''nutmon'' then enter it at the New password: and again at the Re-enter new password: prompts.
 +**Note**
 +  * In this example NUTMonPW is used as the password for a user named ''nutmon''. If you use a different password be sure to include it when configuring the upsd.users file.
-==== Create ups.conf file ==== 
-During NUT installation sample configuration files were copied to the /ffp/etc directory. These files are identifiable by their ''.sample'' suffix. During this step of the configuration process a ups.conf file will be created from the ups.conf.sample. This is achieved by copying the sample ups configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory. The command to do so follows;+==== Preserve the Users Password ==== 
 +Each time the DNS323 is booted key files are copied from NVRAM to the /etc directory. When this occurs information pertaining to those Groups and Users added as shown above will be lost. Loss can be prevented by writing group and user information to NVRAM using the store-passwd.sh script.
- cp /ffp/etc/ups.conf.sample /ffp/etc/ups.conf+ store-passwd.sh
 +===== Configure and Start NUT Driver =====
-==== Increase Security ==== +==== Create ups.conf File ==== 
-Many of NUT's configuration files contain sensitive data; user names and passwords. To guard against inappropriate access (Read as hacking) of these files, restricting access to ''nut'' users is recommended. This is achieved through the following commands;+During NUT installation sample configuration files were copied to the /ffp/etc directory. These files are identifiable by their ''.sample'' suffix. During this step of the configuration process a ups.conf file will be created from the ups.conf.sample file. This is achieved by copying the sample ups configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory. The command to do so follows;
- chown root:nut /ffp/etc/ups.conf + cp /ffp/etc/examples/nut/ups.conf.sample /ffp/etc/ups.conf
- chmod 0640 /ffp/etc/ups.conf+
-It will also be necessary to change ownership of /ffp/var/state/ups directory. This is achieved through the following commands; 
- chown root:nut /ffp/var/state/ups 
- chmod 0770 /ffp/var/state/ups 
 +==== Add Driver Configuration Detail ====
 +Prior to modifying the ups.conf file you'll need to determine which driver is used with your specific UPS. A UPS hardware compatibility list is located on the [[https://networkupstools.org/stable-hcl.html]] website. Review this list to determine which driver is required for your specific application. Please note these instructions pertain specifically to USB connected UPS.
-==== Add Configuration Detail ==== +Use your favourite editor (I use Notepad++) to open the ups.conf file, enter and subsequently save your specific settings.
- +
-Prior to modifying the ups.conf file you'll need to determine which driver is used with your specific UPS. A UPS hardware compatibility list is located on the [[http://www.networkupstools.org/compat/stable.html|Network UPS Tools]] website. Review this list to determine which driver is required for your specific application. Please note that these instructions pertain specifically to USB connected UPS.  +
- +
-Use your favourite editor (I use Notepad++) to open, edit and subsequently save your specific settings in the ups.conf file.+
An APC Back-UPS RS 900 is connected to the USB port on my DNS323. Settings for this device would be; An APC Back-UPS RS 900 is connected to the USB port on my DNS323. Settings for this device would be;
Line 95: Line 105:
desc = "Back-UPS RS 900" desc = "Back-UPS RS 900"
 +==== Driver Startup ====
 +Start the NUT driver. This is accomplished by issuing the following command;
----- + upsdrvctl start
-**Document unformatted beyond this point** +
- +
- +
------ Startup ----- +
- +
-Start the driver for your hardware. +
- +
- # /ffp/bin/upsdrvctl -t -u ups start+
Make sure the driver doesn't report any errors.  It should show a few details about the hardware and then enter the background. You should get back to the command prompt a few seconds later.  For reference, a successful start of the usbhid-ups driver looks like this: Make sure the driver doesn't report any errors.  It should show a few details about the hardware and then enter the background. You should get back to the command prompt a few seconds later.  For reference, a successful start of the usbhid-ups driver looks like this:
- 
Network UPS Tools - UPS driver controller 2.2.2 Network UPS Tools - UPS driver controller 2.2.2
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Using subdriver: APC HID 0.92 Using subdriver: APC HID 0.92
-If the driver doesn't start cleanly, make sure you have picked the right one for your hardware.  You might need to try other drivers by changing the "driver=" value in ups.conf.+If the driver doesn't start cleanly, make sure you have picked the right one for your hardware.  You might need to try other drivers by changing the "driver=" value in ups.conf file.
Be sure to check the driver's man page to see if it needs any extra settings in ups.conf to detect your hardware. Be sure to check the driver's man page to see if it needs any extra settings in ups.conf to detect your hardware.
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If it says "can't bind /var/state/ups/..." or similar, then your state path probably isn't writable by the driver.  Check the permissions and mode on that directory. If it says "can't bind /var/state/ups/..." or similar, then your state path probably isn't writable by the driver.  Check the permissions and mode on that directory.
 +===== Configure and Start Network Server =====
 +==== Configure Host Access List ====
 +=== Create upsd.conf File ===
 +During this step of the configuration process a upsd.conf file will be created from the upsd.conf.sample file. This is achieved by copying the sample upsd configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory. The command to do so follows;
------ Configuration Process -----+ cp /ffp/etc/examples/nut/upsd.conf.sample /ffp/etc/upsd.conf
-Basic configuration of upsd requires copying the sample configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory.+=== Configuring Specific Host Settings === 
 +Configuring access by a specific host requires modification of the upsd.conf file. For this example it will be necessary to add a host named DNS323 on IP 192.168.1.50 to the server configuration file. Doing so will permit optimum configuration of the monitor tool. Use your favourite editor to open the upsd.conf file, enter and subsequently save the following lines;
- cp /ffp/etc/upsd.conf.sample /ffp/etc/upsd.conf + ACL DNS323 192.168.1.50/32 
- +  
-Configuring a specific host requires modification of the upsd.conf file. For example, to add a host named DNS323_NAS on IP 192.168.1.50 the following lines need to be added to the upsd.conf file; + ACCEPT DNS323
- +
- ACL DNS323_NAS 192.168.1.50/32 +
- +
- ACCEPT DNS323_NAS +
- +
- +
- +
-Copy sample user configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory.+
- cp /ffp/etc/upsd.users.sample /ffp/etc/upsd.users+==== Configuration User Access List ==== 
 +=== Create upsd.users File === 
 +During this step of the configuration process a upsd.users file will be created from the upsd.users.sample file. This is achieved by copying the sample upsd configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory. The command to do so follows;
 + cp /ffp/etc/examples/nut/upsd.users.sample /ffp/etc/upsd.users
-Use favourite editor (I use Notepad++) to establish upsd.users settings.+=== Configuring an Administrative User === 
 +Use your favourite editor to open the upsd.users file, enter and subsequently save your specific settings.
- [ups] + [nutmon] 
- password = + password = NUTMonPW 
- allowfrom = localhost DNS323_NAS+ allowfrom = localhost
actions = SET actions = SET
instcmds = ALL instcmds = ALL
-  +While we're at it let's create an entry for monitoring tool.
-  +
-Do not make either of the upsd files (upsd.conf or upsd.users) world-readable. Since they both hold access control data and passwords they just need to be readable by the user you created in the preparation process.+
-The suggested configuration is to chown it to root, chgrp it to the group you created, then make it readable by the group.+ [monuser] 
 + password = MonUserPW 
 + allowfrom = DNS323 
 + upsmon master
- cd /ffp/etc +==== Network Server Startup ==== 
- chown root:nut upsd.users +Start the network server. This is accomplished by issuing the following command; 
- chmod 0640 upsd.users+ 
 + upsd 
 + 
 +The Network Server can be stopped by issuing an ''upsd -c stop'' command.
-  
-  
-Start the network server. 
- # /ffp/sbin/upsd -u ups 
-(To stop the network server use /ffp/sbin/upsd -u ups -c stop)+==== UPS and Server Status Check ==== 
 +Make sure that the UPS is providing good status data by issuing the following command;
 + upsc APC_UPS@localhost ups.status
-Make sure that the UPS is providing good status data.+If all is okay then ''OL'' (On-line) should appear after the upsc command is issued. If the unit running is On-Battery you would see ''OB'' and if charging you would see ''OC''.
- # /ffp/bin/upsc APC_UPS@localhost ups.status or 
-Look at all of the status data which is being monitored.+The upsc command is also used to look at all status that is being monitored. Look at all of the status data by issuing the following command;
- /ffp/bin/upsc APC_UPS@localhost+ upsc APC_UPS@localhost
-What happens now depends on the kind of UPS and driver you have.In the list, you should see ups.status with the same value you got above.  A sample run on an APC Back-UPS RS 900 looks like this:+What happens now depends on the kind of UPS and driver you have. In the list that follows is sample data from an APC Back-UPS RS 900.
battery.charge: 100 battery.charge: 100
Line 181: Line 186:
battery.date: 2001/09/25 battery.date: 2001/09/25
battery.mfr.date: 2008/06/05 battery.mfr.date: 2008/06/05
- battery.runtime: 2025+ battery.runtime: 2535
battery.runtime.low: 120 battery.runtime.low: 120
- battery.temperature: 3022999999999998800+ battery.temperature: 29.2
battery.type: PbAc battery.type: PbAc
battery.voltage: 27.8 battery.voltage: 27.8
battery.voltage.nominal: 24.0 battery.voltage.nominal: 24.0
 + device.mfr: American Power Conversion
 + device.model: Back-UPS RS 900
 + device.serial: 5B0743U08220
 + device.type: ups
driver.name: usbhid-ups driver.name: usbhid-ups
driver.parameter.pollfreq: 30 driver.parameter.pollfreq: 30
driver.parameter.pollinterval: 2 driver.parameter.pollinterval: 2
- driver.parameter.port: auto + driver.parameter.port: AUTO 
- driver.version: 2.2.2 + driver.version: 2.4.1 
- driver.version.data: APC HID 0.92 + driver.version.data: APC HID 0.93 
- driver.version.internal: 0.33+ driver.version.internal: 0.34
input.voltage: 122.0 input.voltage: 122.0
input.voltage.nominal: 120 input.voltage.nominal: 120
Line 200: Line 209:
ups.beeper.status: enabled ups.beeper.status: enabled
ups.delay.shutdown: 20 ups.delay.shutdown: 20
- ups.delay.start: 30 
ups.firmware: 9.o2 .D ups.firmware: 9.o2 .D
ups.firmware.aux: o2 ups.firmware.aux: o2
- ups.load:22999999999999994+ ups.load: 18.0
ups.mfr: American Power Conversion ups.mfr: American Power Conversion
ups.mfr.date: 2007/10/24 ups.mfr.date: 2007/10/24
Line 215: Line 223:
ups.vendorid: 051d ups.vendorid: 051d
 +===== Configure and Start Monitor =====
 +==== Create upsmon.conf File ====
 +During this step of the configuration process a upsmon.conf file will be created from the upsmon.conf.sample file. This is achieved by copying the sample upsmon configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory. The command to do so follows;
------ Configure Monitor -----+ cp /ffp/etc/examples/nut/upsmon.conf.sample /ffp/etc/upsmon.conf
-Create user and add to existing group. For the purposes of this exercise the user will be named nutmon+==== Configure a RUN_AS_USER ==== 
 +Use your favourite editor to open the upsmon.conf file and edit line 30 so that it reads;
- adduser -s /bin/false -G nut -H -D nutmon+ RUN_AS_USER nutmon
 +instead of;
 + # RUN_AS_USER nutmon
-Create a user for the monitor+==== Configure a MONITOR User ==== 
 +With the the upsmon.conf file still open in your editor add the following at line 85;
- adduser -s /bin/false -G nut -H monuser+ MONITOR APC_UPS@DNS323 1 monuser MonUserPW master
-The system will respond with:+**Note** 
 +  * APC_UPS is the name of the UPS as it was set in the ups.conf file. 
 +  * MonUserPW is the password that was established when ''monuser'' was added to the upsd.users file. If you used a different password, which you should, be sure to replace MonUserPW with the password that you set in the upsd.users file. 
 +  * DNS323 is the host name that was established when configuring the upsd.conf file.
- Changing password for monuser 
- Enter the new password (minimum of 5, maximum of 8 characters) 
- Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers. 
-Selected a password for ups then enter it at the New password: and Re-enter new password: prompts.+==== Monitor Startup ==== 
 +Start the upsmon Monitor. This is accomplished by issuing the following command;
 + upsmon
-Copy sample monitor configuration file to the /ffp/etc directory. 
- cp /ffp/etc/upsmon.conf.sample /ffp/etc/upsmon.conf+====== Increase File and Directory Security ====== 
 +Many of NUT's configuration files contain sensitive data; user names and passwords. To guard against inappropriate access of this information restricting access to users belonging to the ''nut'' group is recommended. This is achieved through the following commands;
-Use favourite editor (I use Notepad++) to establish upsmon.conf settings.+ chown root:nut /ffp/etc/ups.conf /ffp/etc/upsd.conf /ffp/etc/upsd.users /ffp/etc/upsmon.conf 
 + chmod 0640 /ffp/etc/ups.conf /ffp/etc/upsd.conf /ffp/etc/upsd.users /ffp/etc/upsmon.conf
-Do not make the upsmon.conf files world-readable. Since this file holds access control data and passwords it just needs to be readable by the user you created in the preparation process.+It will also be necessary to change ownership of /ffp/var/state/ups directory. This is achieved through the following commands;
-The suggested configuration is to chown it to root, chgrp it to the group you created, then make it readable by the group.+ chown root:nut /ffp/var/state/ups 
 + chmod 0770 /ffp/var/state/ups
- chmod 0640 upsmon.conf 
- chown root:nut upsmon.conf 
-Configure upsd to recognize upsmon. 
-First create an ACL in upsd.conf for the host that will be running upsmon.  Then use it in an ACCEPT line to allow that host to monitor the UPS.  This will let upsmon connect to upsd. 
-Assuming a host called DNS323_NAS with the IP address of 192.168.1.50, the additional configuration items would look like this:+====== Automating the Startup Process ====== 
 +You can Telnet to the DNS323 each time you want to start NUT or use a startup script. The following can be added to a nut.sh script file and stored in the /ffp/start directory by copying the content of the code box into your favourite editor then saving the resultant file as /ffp/start/nut.sh.
- ACL mybox 192.168.1.50/32 +Use this script for DNS323 firmware versions prior to 1.07. 
- ACCEPT DNS323_NAS+ 
 + #!/ffp/bin/sh 
 +  
 + # PROVIDE: nut 
 +  
 + . /ffp/etc/ffp.subr 
 +  
 + name="nut" 
 + start_cmd="nut_start" 
 + stop_cmd="nut_stop" 
 +  
 + nut_start() 
 + { 
 + # Start NUT driver for UPS hardware. 
 + /ffp/bin/upsdrvctl start 
 +  
 + # Start NUT Network Server 
 + /ffp/sbin/upsd 
 +  
 + # Start NUT monitor agent 
 + /ffp/sbin/upsmon -u monuser 
 + } 
 +  
 + nut_stop() 
 + { 
 + # Stop NUT monitor agent 
 + /ffp/sbin/upsmon -c stop 
 +  
 + # Stop NUT Network Server 
 + /ffp/sbin/upsd -c stop 
 +  
 + # Stop NUT driver for UPS hardware. 
 + /ffp/bin/upsdrvctl stop 
 + }
 + run_rc_command "$1"
-Start the upsmon monitor. 
- # /ffp/sbin/upsmon -u monuser+Use this script for DNS323 firmware version 1.07.
 + #!/ffp/bin/sh
 +
 + # PROVIDE: nut
 +
 + . /ffp/etc/ffp.subr
 +
 + name="nut"
 + start_cmd="nut_start"
 + stop_cmd="nut_stop"
 +
 + nut_start()
 + {
 + #####################
 + # We're using NUT UPS from ffp; #
 + #####################
 +
 + ############################################
 + # Stop built in NUT UPS deamons in preparation for starting ffp NUT UPS #
 + ############################################
 + if ps | grep /usr/local/ups/bin/usbhid-ups | grep -v grep
 + then
 + echo "* Stopping Default UPS Services"
 + # Stop NUT Network Server
 + /sys/crfs/sbin/upsd -c stop
 +
 + # Stop NUT driver for UPS hardware.
 + /sys/crfs/sbin/upsdrvctl stop
 + fi
 +
 + sleep 2
 +
 + ##############
 + # Start ffp NUT UPS #
 + ##############
 + # Start NUT driver for UPS hardware.
 + /ffp/bin/upsdrvctl start
 +
 + # Start NUT Network Server
 + /ffp/sbin/upsd
 +
 + # Start NUT monitor agent
 + /ffp/sbin/upsmon -u monuser
 + }
 +
 + nut_stop()
 + {
 + # Stop NUT monitor agent
 + /ffp/sbin/upsmon -c stop
 +
 + # Stop NUT Network Server
 + /ffp/sbin/upsd -c stop
 +
 + # Stop NUT driver for UPS hardware.
 + /ffp/bin/upsdrvctl stop
 + }
 +
 + run_rc_command "$1"
 +Don't forget to make it runnable:
 + chmod a+x /ffp/start/nut.sh
------ Installing WinNUT -----+====== Add UPS Monitoring and Shut Down Capability to A Remote Windows Machine ====== 
 +If you have a Windows PC connected to the same UPS then a Windows Application named WinNUT may be of interest to you. See [[http://csociety.ecn.purdue.edu/~delpha/winnut/|WinNUT]] for details.
-Create a user for WinNUT Monitoring Tool 
- adduser -s /bin/false -G nut -H winnmonuser+==== Configuring the NUT Environment for Use With WinNUT ==== 
 +For WinNUT to run successfully it will be necessary to add user information to the upsd.users and host information to the upsd.conf files located on the DNS323.
-The system will respond with:+=== Add a Remote Monitoring User  === 
 +Use your favourite editor to open the upsd.users file, enter and subsequently save your specific settings.
- Changing password for winnmonuser + [winmonuser] 
- Enter the new password (minimum of 5, maximum of 8 characters) + password = WinMonUserPW 
- Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.+ allowfrom = Remote-PC 
 + upsmon slave
-Selected a password for ups then enter it at the New password: and Re-enter new password: prompts.+=== Configuring Remote Host Settings === 
 +Configuring access for the remote host requires modification of the upsd.conf file. For this example it will be necessary to add a host named Remote-PC on IP 192.168.1.200 to the server configuration file. Use your favourite editor to open the upsd.conf file, enter and subsequently save the following lines;
 + ACL DNS323 192.168.1.200/32
 +
 + ACCEPT Remote-PC
-===== Preserving Passwords ===== +If the NUT Server is running when this change is made it will be necessary to reload the configuration file. This can be done by issuing the following command;
- +
-Each time the DNS323 is booted key files are copied from NVRAM to the /etc directory. When this occurs information pertaining to those Groups and Users added as shown above will be lost. Loss can be prevented by writing group and user information to NVRAM using the store-passwd.sh script. +
- +
- store-passwd.sh+
 + upsd -reload

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